Researchers have, for the first time, integrated two technologies widely used in applications such as optical communications, bio-imaging, and Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) systems. In the collaborative effort between the U.S. Department of Energy's Argonne National Laboratory and Harvard University, researchers successfully crafted a metasurface-based lens atop a Micro-Electro-Mechanical System (MEMS) platform. The result is a new infrared light-focusing system that combines the best features of both technologies while reducing the size of the optical system.
Metasurfaces can be structured at the nanoscale to work like lenses. These metalenses are rapidly finding applications because they are much thinner and less bulky than existing lenses, and can be made with the same technology used to fabricate computer chips. The MEMS are small mechanical devices that consist of tiny, movable mirrors. The new device measures 900 microns in diameter and 10 microns in thickness (a human hair is approximately 50 microns thick).
In the technologically merged optical system, MEMS mirrors reflect scanned light, which the metalens then focuses without the need for an additional optical component such as a focusing lens. The challenge was to integrate the two technologies without hurting their performance.
The eventual goal is to fabricate all components of an optical system — the MEMS, the light source, and the metasurface-based optics — with the same technology used to manufacture electronics today. In principle, optical systems could be made as thin as credit cards.
These lens-on-MEMS devices could advance the LIDAR systems used to guide self-driving cars. Current LIDAR systems, which scan for obstacles in their immediate proximity, are, by contrast, several feet in diameter. They require big, bulky lenses and mechanical devices to move them around, which is slow and expensive.
This first successful integration of metalenses and MEMS, made possible by their highly compatible technologies, will bring high speed and agility to optical systems, as well unprecedented functionalities.
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