Very-large-scale integrated (VLSI) circuits containing electronically reconfigurable arrays of transistors have been proposed as means to implement a forthcoming generation of a special class of digital/analog electronic circuits. The class in question is a subclass of advanced electronic and other equipment of a type called "evolvable hardware" (EHW). The major distinguishing feature of EHW is that under the direction of genetic and/or other evolutionary algorithms, its configuration and thus its functionality can be made to evolve until it exhibits a desired behavior or adapts to the environment in a prescribed way. An EHW system is said to be extrinsic if its evolution is directed and evaluated by a computer or other external system. An EHW system is said to be intrinsic if it includes an electronic or other subsystem that automatically directs and evaluates its evolution.
The evolution of an EHW system includes selective, repetitive reconfiguration of a set of available resources and/or the addition of building blocks. In the case of electronic EHW, such reconfiguration typically involves the connection or disconnection of transistors, amplifiers, inverters, and/or other circuit building blocks in an array of such building blocks. One example of electronic EHW is a programmable logic device (PLD), which contains logic-circuit building blocks. A pattern of interconnections among the building blocks can be downloaded to configure the PLD to perform desired logic functions. In some PLDs, the interconnection patterns are established by irreversible means; in most others, interconnection patterns can be changed reversibly by coupling appropriate signals to designated electronic (e.g., transistor) switches.
A VLSI circuit of the type proposed would be fabricated in complementary metal oxide/semiconductor (CMOS). It would contain hierarchical arrays and subarrays of transistors (see figure). Each subarray at the lowest level of the hierarchy would contain transistors Ti (i = 1 through n), each with a different combination of channel length and width (Li and Wi, respectively). The sources and gates of all n transistors in the subarray would be connected to a common source (S) and a common gate (G) line, respectively. The gate of the ith transistor could optionally be connected to a common drain (D) line via an analog transistor switch SWi by applying the corresponding control signal Ci.
Various combinations of electrical parameters would be associated with the various channel lengths and widths. Thus, one could choose one or more control signal(s) to connect one or more of the transistors Ti to make the subarray behave as though it were a single transistor [denoted a "virtual transistor" (VT)] with a desired analog or digital electrical behavior.
The VTs would be grouped into reconfigurable transistor arrays (RTAs), linked by inter-array buses. The RTAs could be similarly clustered on the chip with a bus connected to input/output (I/O) pins; alternatively, the hierarchy could be extended to one or more additional levels, ending in I/O pins at the highest level. The connections at the various levels of the hierarchy would be governed by a corresponding hierarchy of on/off control signals, ending in the previously mentioned control signals Ci at the lowest (transistor) level. With respect to a genetic algorithm for evolution of the overall configuration of circuitry on the VLSI chip, the portion of this hierarchy that ended at each transistor could be regarded as a chromosome fragment containing the genetic information for that transistor.
This work was done by Adrian Stoica of Caltech for NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory. For further information, access the Technical Support Package (TSP) free on-line at www.nasatech.com/tsp under the Electronics & Computers category.
NPO-20078
This Brief includes a Technical Support Package (TSP).
Reconfigurable arrays of Transistors for Evolvable Hardware
(reference NPO-20078) is currently available for download from the TSP library.
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