Innovators at NASA’s Glenn Research Center have developed a hybrid telescope antenna system — Teletenna — to deliver high-data-rate communication over great distances. Teletenna has the potential to benefit deep space missions and communications on Earth. By combining two very different communications systems — optics and radio frequency (RF) — Teletenna capitalizes on the benefits of each system while overcoming conflicting engineering requirements.

To limit RF interference from the telescope tube, Teletenna could use the innovative structure shown, or a novel silicon carbide material.

Teletenna is a breakthrough innovation, particularly in the field of Deep Space Optical Communications (DSOC), in which it could deliver high-definition imagery, live video feed, and real-time data transmission 10 to 100 times faster than current state-of-the-art technology.

Initially developed for missions to Mars, Teletenna integrates RF and optical communication technologies to transmit data from deep space to Earth at extremely high speeds. The system combines a co-boresighted telescope and a Ka-band RF antenna to minimize system mass and enhance performance. Designed with an optimal focal-length-to-diameter ratio, the apparatus features a classical Cassegrain geometry, including a sub-reflector in front of the RF feed that acts as a mirror for the optical signal while being transparent to the RF signal. The apparatus also mechanically and thermally isolates the RF reflector system from the optics to offer maximum stability.

Teletenna was created to overcome two significant challenges to DSOC: 1) laser inefficiency due to poor alignment during spacecraft disturbances, and 2) performance degradation due to lack of rigidity in vibrational environments (such as space). The first challenge is addressed by the telescope portion of this technology, which facilitates the acquisition and maintenance of the link with ease, even in less-than-ideal conditions. The second challenge is addressed by rigidly fixing the RF reflector to the spacecraft body and attaching the optical section to a vibration isolation platform. The result is a device that can point to within 0.5 degrees of the Sun (traditional optical systems are limited to 3 degrees), allowing for approximately 20 extra days of contact time between Earth and Mars. By combining RF and optical communications, this breakthrough innovation has the power to transform communications.

NASA is actively seeking licensees to commercialize this technology. Please contact the Technology Transfer Office at This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. or 216-433-3484. Follow this link here  for more information.