NASA characterized the ice adhesion functionalities of its new ice mitigation coatings in in-flight icing conditions at various temperatures in a test facility at Pennsylvania State University. As shown in the graph here, the NASA coatings had a decreased ice adhesion strength compared to the control, and the degree of adhesion reduction for the molecular coatings was temperature dependent. (Image: NASA)

Aircraft icing is a serious problem. There is a need for a passive durable solution for both commercial and general aviation aircraft. Scientists at NASA Langley have been developing passive solutions to this problem focusing on coatings for aircraft surfaces that will reduce the adhesion of impact ice.

Researchers at NASA Langley are developing polymer coatings that reduce impact ice adhesion strength. Current coating compositions are based on epoxy resins due to their availability and ease of fabrication. It is anticipated that a successful composition could be used in other polymer classes such as polyurethanes. Initial molecular modeling studies of silanes terminated with various functionalities suggest that chain mobility effects the interface between ice and the surface. To that end, surfaces coated with these compounds were applied to aluminum substrates and the resulting monolayer coating investigated to assess the effect of chemical functionality and chain length under simulated in-flight icing conditions.

The molecular coatings demonstrated reduced ice adhesion strength, presumably as a result of the molecular flexibility imbued by the aliphatic chains that has been incorporated into polymers either within the polymer backbone or as pendant groups. Compared to an untreated aluminum alloy surface, a test polymer coating employing in-chain molecular flexibility exhibited a 56 percent reduction in ice adhesion strength at -16 °C. Similarly, another test polymer coating employing pendant group molecular flexibility exhibited a 19 percent reduction and a 63 percent reduction in ice adhesion strength at -16 °C compared to an aluminum alloy surface and a rigid epoxy control surface, respectively.

The reduced ice adhesion strength may lead to decreased energy requirements for active ice mitigation strategies currently used on aircraft when used in conjunction. These anti-icing coatings are a passive approach that are anticipated to be applied to the aircraft surface either as a topcoat or as a constituent of aircraft paint. The coatings need to be optimized for durability, with the goal of achieving a reapplication frequency consistent with routine aircraft maintenance and painting requirements.

NASA is actively seeking licensees to commercialize this technology. Please contact NASA’s Licensing Concierge at This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. or call at 202-358-7432 to initiate licensing discussions. For more information, visit here .