A soft polymer material called magnetic shape memory polymer was developed that uses magnetic fields to transform into a variety of shapes. The material is a mixture of three different ingredients, all with unique characteristics: two types of magnetic particles — one for inductive heat and one with strong magnetic attraction — and shape-memory polymers to help lock various shape changes into place. The single system is capable of rapid and reprogrammable shape changes that are lockable and reversible.

To make the material, researchers began by distributing particles of neo-dymium iron boron (NdFeB) and iron oxide into a mixture of shape memory polymers. Once the particles were fully incorporated, the mixture was molded into various objects designed to evaluate how the material performed in a series of applications.

The team made a gripper claw from a t-shaped mold of the magnetic shape memory polymer mixture. Applying a high-frequency, oscillating magnetic field to the object caused the iron oxide particles to heat up through induction and warm the entire gripper. That temperature rise, in turn, caused the shape memory polymer matrix to soften and become pliable. A second magnetic field was then applied to the gripper, causing its claws to open and close. Once the shape memory polymers cool back down, they remain locked in that position.

The shape-changing process takes only a few seconds from start to finish and the strength of the material at its locked state allowed the gripper to lift objects up to 1,000 times its own weight. The material could be used where a robotic arm would need to lift a very delicate object without damaging it, such as in the food industry or for chemical or biomedical applications.

The new material builds on earlier research that outlined actuation mechanisms for soft robotics and active materials and evaluated the limitations in current technologies. The degree of freedom is limited in conventional robotics; with soft materials, that degree of freedom is unlimited.

The researchers also tested other applications where coil-shaped objects made from the new material expanded and retracted, simulating how an antenna could potentially change frequencies when actuated by the magnetic fields.

Watch a demo of the material on Tech Briefs TV here. For more information, contact Josh Brown at This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.; 404-385-0500.