White Paper: Electronics & Computers
High Accuracy High-Voltage Measurement
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One of the first principals learned as an engineering student is the “observer effect” which states that simply observing a situation or phenomenon necessarily changes that phenomenon. This is often the result of instruments that, by necessity, alter the state of what they measure in some manner. Accurate high voltage measurement is a clear example of the validity of this theory.
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Overview
The white paper from Vitrek Inc. discusses the critical aspects of achieving high accuracy in high-voltage measurements, defined as voltages ranging from 1 kV to 150 kV, whether AC or DC. Accurate measurements are essential across various applications, including analytical instruments, defense and aerospace, homeland security, manufacturing processes, medical technology, and semiconductor equipment.
The paper identifies three primary factors that influence measurement accuracy: environmental factors, errors introduced by measurement probes, and the intrinsic accuracy of the measuring instruments. Environmental influences, such as electromagnetic effects, can significantly impact measurements, with even minor disturbances, like a person walking nearby, potentially causing errors. The Vitrek 4700 Precision High Voltage Meter, for instance, should not be used in environments prone to conductive pollution, and precautions must be taken to avoid condensation when transporting the unit between different environments.
Measurement probes, particularly voltage dividers, are commonly used to reduce high voltages to levels within the input range of meters. The paper emphasizes the importance of calibrating these probes with the specific measuring instrument to ensure accuracy. Voltage dividers, composed of precision resistors, can introduce errors due to resistance variation, temperature coefficients, and electromagnetic effects. The design of these dividers, including configurations that minimize these errors, is crucial for reliable measurements.
The white paper also highlights the advantages of using high-voltage Smart Probes, which automatically update calibration data when connected to compatible meters, eliminating the need for separate calibration processes.
In conclusion, the document serves as a comprehensive guide for professionals seeking to enhance the accuracy of high-voltage measurements, providing insights into the necessary precautions, calibration techniques, and the importance of understanding the measurement environment. By addressing these factors, users can achieve optimal performance in their high-voltage measurement applications.