Proposed integrated-circuit modules called "nanoconverters" would derive DC power from impinging electromagnetic beams having frequencies in the terahertz range. Nanoconverters are composed of microscopic antennas and diodes (see Figure 1) resembling rectennas that have been developed to perform the same function at frequencies in the gigahertz range. The submillimeter wavelength nanoconverters would make it possible to incorporate the antenna elements and diodes on structures much smaller than those of prior rectennas, thereby opening up opportunities for noncontact transmission of power to a variety of microelectronic devices, including surgically implanted medical devices and untethered microscopic robots.
The basic concept of radio beaming of electric power through space without the use of wires was explored before World War II and has been used at microwave frequencies. Novel aspects of the terahertz nanoconverter include:
- Fully integrated monolithic rectennas at submillimeter dimensions,
- Direct integration auto microrobots and devices,
- Fairly high radio frequency (RF) to DC conversion efficiency with focusing optics,
- Greater penetration in biomaterials and many plastics than infrared (IR) or visible wavelengths,
- Negligible tissue damage due to nonresonant frequencies and low beam density, and
- Fully integrated packages for direct RF in DC out.
Techniques, processes, and equipment needed for manufacturing circuitry with dimensions comparable to those of nanoconverters have already been developed for manufacturing GaAs-based sensors and sources at the frequencies. The nanoconverters could be used to remotely transmit power to microdevices in hostile environments or through smoke and dust.
This work was done by Peter Siegel of Caltech for NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory. For further information, access the Technical Support Package (TSP) free on-line at www.nasatech.com/tsp under the Computers/Electronics category. NPO-21229
This Brief includes a Technical Support Package (TSP).
Nanoconverters for Powering Nanodevices
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Overview
The document is a technical support package prepared by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) under the sponsorship of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). It focuses on the development of nanoconverters, which are innovative devices designed to power nanodevices. The report is part of NASA Tech Brief Vol. 27, No. 3, and is identified as JPL New Technology Report NPO-21229.
The primary inventor of the technology discussed in the document is Peter H. Siegel. The report outlines the potential applications and benefits of nanoconverters in various fields, particularly in space exploration and advanced technology sectors. These nanoconverters are expected to play a crucial role in powering small-scale devices, which are increasingly important in modern technology, including sensors, communication devices, and other nanotechnology applications.
The document emphasizes that the research and development work was conducted at JPL, a leading research facility known for its contributions to space exploration and technology innovation. It also includes a disclaimer stating that the United States Government and individuals acting on its behalf do not assume any liability for the use of the information contained in the document, nor do they guarantee that such use will be free from privately owned rights.
Additionally, the report clarifies that references to specific commercial products, processes, or services do not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government or JPL. This is a standard practice in technical reports to maintain objectivity and avoid any appearance of favoritism towards particular manufacturers or products.
Overall, the document serves as a comprehensive overview of the advancements in nanoconverter technology, highlighting its significance in powering future nanodevices and its potential impact on various technological fields. It reflects NASA's commitment to fostering innovation and supporting research that can lead to new applications in space and beyond.
