The biomorphic robot with distributed power (BIROD) is a prototype of a class of robots that will contain simple, reliable distributed actuators that will consume power from local sources - a design concept inspired in part by biological actuators like muscles in limbs. The BIROD concept stands in contrast to the traditional machine-design concepts of (1) central (therefore vulnerable) sources of power and (2) distribution of power through complex (therefore troublesome) linkages that include gears, pulleys, levers, and other mechanisms. The BIROD concept is potentially applicable not only to robots but also to systems as diverse as home appliances, automobiles, and spacecraft.
At the time of reporting the information for this article, the BIROD had been designed, assembled, and the initial motor movements were demonstrated. The initial design calls for the use of electrical power to actuate muscle wires. (A muscle wire is made of a shape-memory alloy. By sending a sufficient electric current along the wire, one can heat the wire above its transition temperature, causing it to change length. When the current is turned off, the wire cools, returning to its original length.)
With further development, BIROD designs might evolve toward greater degrees of biomorphism. For example, actuators might be made to derive energy from locally stored chemicals that could be recharged; in this aspect, the BIROD chemical/energy cycle would be reminiscent of the adenosine diphosphate/adenosine triphosphate (ADP/ ATP) cycle in biological systems. Going even further toward biomorphism, BIRODs might even be made capable of repairing themselves.
This work was done by Kumar Ramohalli of Caltech for NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory. NPO-20606
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Biomorphic robot with distributed power
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Overview
The document discusses the Biomorphic Robot with Distributed Power (BIROD), a prototype developed by Kumar Ramohalli at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory. The BIROD represents a new class of robots designed to utilize simple, reliable distributed actuators that draw power from local sources, mimicking biological systems such as muscles in limbs. This design contrasts sharply with traditional robotic systems that rely on centralized power sources and complex mechanical linkages, which can be vulnerable and cumbersome.
The BIROD's initial design incorporates electrical power to actuate muscle wires made from shape-memory alloys. These wires change length when heated by an electric current, allowing for movement. The document highlights the potential for further development of the BIROD, suggesting that future iterations could harness energy from locally stored chemicals, akin to the biological adenosine diphosphate/adenosine triphosphate (ADP/ATP) cycle. This could lead to robots that not only operate more efficiently but also possess self-repair capabilities, enhancing their reliability and functionality.
The advantages of the BIROD design include its simplicity and reliability, making it suitable for various applications beyond robotics, such as in home appliances, automobiles, and spacecraft. The document emphasizes the need for a highly simplified and reliable robotic system that minimizes power waste and avoids the complexities of traditional power distribution methods. The BIROD aims to address this need by employing a biomorphic approach, where power is distributed precisely where needed, similar to how human limbs function.
In summary, the BIROD project represents a significant advancement in robotic technology, focusing on biomimicry to create more efficient and adaptable machines. The potential for self-repair and chemical energy sources could revolutionize how robots are designed and utilized in various fields, paving the way for more autonomous and resilient systems. The work is part of ongoing research at NASA, showcasing the innovative spirit of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in exploring new frontiers in technology.
