A report proposes the development of spaceborne telescope/camera systems that would be lightweight, relatively inexpensive alternatives to current systems based on glass mirrors. In a system of the proposed type, the primary reflector (typically a paraboloid several meters in diameter) would be of the membrane-mirror type. The primary reflector would be part of a folded, closed, flexible structure that would be deployed by inflation, then depressurized after being rigidified in the deployed condition. Because the primary reflector would only approximate the required precise reflector surface and because deviations from the required surface would vary with thermal, solar-wind, and microgravitational conditions, the system would also include a two-stage active optical subsystem that would correct wavefront errors in real time.
This work was done by James Breckinridge, Marjorie Meinel, Aden Meinel, and James Bilbro of Caltech for NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory. NPO-20405
This Brief includes a Technical Support Package (TSP).
Telescope/camera systems based on inflation-deployed optics
(reference NPO20405) is currently available for download from the TSP library.
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Overview
The document outlines a proposal from NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) for the development of advanced telescope and camera systems utilizing inflation-deployed optics. This initiative aims to address the limitations of current space telescope architectures, which require large, heavy, and expensive launch vehicles due to their massive size. The proposed technology seeks to create smaller, lightweight, and cost-effective optical systems that can achieve high performance for various scientific applications, including earth observation, planetary science, and astrophysics.
The project is characterized as high-risk but with the potential for very high payoffs, promising cost savings of 10 to 100 times compared to conventional space optics systems. The document emphasizes the need for a comprehensive technology development program to guide the necessary innovations in optics technology. Key areas of focus include membrane mirrors, two-stage adaptive optics, and inflation deployment mechanisms, which are critical for the successful integration of these technologies into a functional camera system.
The proposal outlines a three-phase program:
- Development of a 0.5-meter clear aperture class inflation-deployed camera testbed for technology development and ground-based testing.
- Creation of a 2-meter class clear aperture camera system that is space-qualified and ready for flight test demonstrations.
- Development of a larger several-meter class clear aperture camera system aimed at achieving significant scientific measurement objectives.
The document also highlights the collaboration between JPL, the United States Air Force, and industry partners, emphasizing the importance of integrating science mission requirements with Department of Defense (DOD) needs. The proposed technology is expected to enable a new generation of lightweight, low-cost, large-aperture space telescopes capable of long-term synoptic imaging and planetary mapping.
In conclusion, the document presents a forward-looking vision for the future of space optics, advocating for innovative approaches to overcome current technological limitations. It calls for a detailed roadmap for technology development, including cost estimates and performance metrics, to ensure the successful realization of the inflation-deployed camera systems. This initiative represents a significant step toward enhancing our capabilities in space science and exploration.
