Haptic interfaces in the form of arrays of balloonlike pneumatic actuators are being developed to provide tactile feedback from (1) remote-manipulator hands, tools on the tips of robot arms, and other, similar devices to (2) the hands of human operators. Like other haptic interfaces, these have numerous potential applications in situations in which there are requirements to manipulate remote, very small, and possibly fragile objects with great dexterity and sensitivity. Haptic interfaces are especially valuable as components of robotic implementations of laparoscopic surgical tools, which are used to remotely cut, pull, and move various types of tissue, the degree of softness and hardness of which is difficult or impossible to judge in the absence of tactile feedback.

A Syringe Is Used to pump air into one of the holes in the block, causing the portion of the sheet covering that hole to protrude to provide a tactile sensation.
The figure presents two views of an experimental prototype array that included (1) a molded block of one type of silicone rubber containing holes that define the array of pneumatic actuators and (2) a thin sheet, made of more flexible silicone rubber, bonded to the surface of the block so as to cover the holes. To demonstrate pneumatic actuation, a syringe needle was poked through the block into one of the holes and the syringe plunger was used to force air into the hole, thereby causing the portion of the sheet covering the hole to push outward. In addition, automatic inflation and deflation of the balloon array was demonstrated by using an electronic pressure regulator connected to pressured gas reservoir.

After further development, the spatial resolution of the array in a typical application could be expected to be much finer than that shown in the figure — fine enough to enable the device to mimic the shape and texture of an object in contact with a robot hand. In addition, it would be possible to pressurize each hole to the same or a different degree to provide a desired tactile sensation. For example, the pressure in one or more holes could be adjusted to convey a sensation of pressure or force of contact and/or a sense of the hardness of an object in contact with a robot hand. Alternatively or in addition, the pressure in each hole could be varied, independently of the pressures in other holes, as part of a pattern of pressures that could convey a sense of the texture and/or motion of an object.

This work was done by Sam Y. Bae, Victor White, and Harish Manohara of Caltech for NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory.

In accordance with Public Law 96-517, the contractor has elected to retain title to this invention. Inquiries concerning rights for its commercial use should be addressed to:

Innovative Technology Assets Management

JPL

Mail Stop 202-233

4800 Oak Grove Drive

Pasadena, CA 91109-8099

(818) 354-2240

E-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Refer to NPO-43010, volume and number of this NASA Tech Briefs issue, and the page number.

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Pneumatic Haptic Interface

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NASA Tech Briefs Magazine

This article first appeared in the June, 2009 issue of NASA Tech Briefs Magazine (Vol. 33 No. 6).

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Overview

The document discusses the development of a Pneumatic Haptic Interface, specifically a novel tactile feedback system utilizing an array of miniature balloons. This technology aims to enhance the manipulation and maneuvering of robots, particularly in environments where visual and audio feedback alone are insufficient. The need for haptic feedback is emphasized, as it allows operators to interact more effectively with remote or virtual objects, improving their ability to perform delicate tasks.

The document outlines the challenges faced by astronauts and robotic operators, who often rely solely on visual feedback, leading to clumsy manipulation due to the lack of tactile sensation. The proposed solution involves a balloon array that inflates and deflates to simulate cutaneous sensations, providing operators with a more complete feedback experience. This system allows for the independent control of individual balloon units, enabling the simulation of various textures and dynamic motions, such as slipping and shearing.

The fabrication process of the haptic interface is detailed, including the creation of a PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane) mold and the application of a thin film that enhances the interface's functionality. The document highlights the unique properties of the elastic thin film, which closely matches the skin surface, allowing for a continuous and painless sensation when the balloons inflate against the skin.

The novelty of this technology lies in its ability to convey the hardness or softness of objects being manipulated remotely, a feature that has not been extensively explored in existing literature or patents. The document references several studies that support the development of this technology, indicating its potential applications in various fields, including robotics and teleoperation.

Overall, the Pneumatic Haptic Interface represents a significant advancement in the field of haptic feedback, addressing the limitations of current systems and paving the way for more intuitive and effective interactions with robotic systems. The document serves as a technical support package, providing insights into the research and technology behind this innovative interface, which is part of NASA's broader efforts to enhance human-robot interaction in complex environments.